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The stress process in neighborhood context.

M Elliott1

  • 1Department of Sociology/300, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA. melliott@unr.edu

Health & Place
|October 12, 2000
PubMed
Summary

Socio-economic status (SES) influences health. Social support protects mental and physical health, but only for individuals in higher SES neighborhoods, revealing a key disparity in health resources.

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Area of Science:

  • Sociology
  • Public Health
  • Psychology

Background:

  • A well-established positive association exists between socio-economic status (SES) and health outcomes.
  • The stress-process framework offers a lens to understand how SES impacts health through mediators like stressors and resources.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the mediating roles of stressors and resources in the SES-health relationship.
  • To investigate how neighborhood SES context modifies the effectiveness of stressors and resources on health.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of telephone survey data from adults aged 45-74.
  • Stratification of the sample based on residence in lower- or higher-SES neighborhoods.
  • Testing the differential impact of stressors and the protective effects of resources across neighborhood contexts.

Main Results:

  • Social support demonstrated a protective effect on both mental and physical health exclusively among residents of higher-SES neighborhoods.
  • Stressors had a differential impact on health depending on the neighborhood SES context.
  • Resource effectiveness varied significantly based on the socio-economic status of the neighborhood.

Conclusions:

  • The protective benefits of social support for health are contingent upon the socio-economic status of one's neighborhood.
  • Findings highlight the importance of neighborhood context in understanding health disparities.
  • Future research should consider neighborhood SES as a critical factor in stress-process models of health.

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