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Hyperthyroidism in children.

M H Mokhashi1, U Desai, M P Desai

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Sir Hurkisondas Nurrotamdas Hospital, Girgaum, Mumbai. moin5@yahoo.com

Indian Journal of Pediatrics
|October 12, 2000
PubMed
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Childhood hyperthyroidism presents with varied symptoms and elevated thyroid hormones. Long-term treatment with carbimazole leads to euthyroidism in most children, with a 67% remission rate observed.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Thyroidology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Childhood hyperthyroidism is a significant endocrine disorder requiring thorough characterization.
  • Understanding clinical features, laboratory findings, and treatment outcomes is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the clinical presentation, laboratory parameters, and therapeutic response in children with hyperthyroidism.
  • To evaluate the long-term outcomes and remission rates of childhood hyperthyroidism.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 15 children diagnosed with hyperthyroidism over eight years.
  • Inclusion of clinical history, physical examination, thyroid function tests (T3, T4, TSH, FT3, FT4), antithyroid antibodies, and bone age assessment.

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  • Monitoring of clinical and biochemical response to carbimazole treatment and long-term follow-up.

    • Main Results:

    • The study included 10 girls and 5 boys, with a mean age of onset at 8.25 years.
    • Common clinical features included weight loss, heat intolerance, diarrhea, behavioral issues, ophthalmopathy, and tachycardia.
    • Markedly elevated serum T3, T4, FT3, FT4, suppressed TSH, and advanced bone age were observed. Antithyroid antibodies were positive in some cases.
    • All patients achieved euthyroidism within 2.5–6 months of carbimazole treatment, requiring 2–7.5 years of therapy. Four children experienced relapse and were retreated.
    • A remission rate of 67% was achieved.

    Conclusions:

    • Childhood hyperthyroidism necessitates long-term treatment and diligent monitoring.
    • Carbimazole is effective in achieving euthyroidism, with a substantial proportion of patients achieving remission.