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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
Unit Cells01:18

Unit Cells

A crystal's internal structure is an orderly array of atoms, ions, or molecules, and the details of this array significantly influence the solid's properties. In a crystal, periodically repeating 'structural motifs' - which could be atoms, molecules, or groups thereof - create a 'space lattice.' This is essentially a three-dimensional, infinite array of points, each surrounded by its neighbors in an identical way, forming the basic structure of the crystal.A 'unit cell' is a theoretical...
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Point, Line and Plane Defects01:25

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Point, Line and Plane Defects

A perfect crystal, in theory, has a uniform structure with the same unit cell and lattice points throughout. However, any deviation from this periodic arrangement is known as an imperfection or defect. These defects can be categorized into three types: point, line, and plane defects.Point defects occur when there is a deviation from the ideal due to missing atoms, displaced atoms, or additional atoms. These imperfections might occur due to imperfect packing during crystallization or because of...
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects01:26

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects

Schottky defects arise when some lattice points in a crystal, such as those in NaCl, remain unoccupied, creating lattice vacancies without disturbing the overall electrical neutrality of the crystal. This defect is common in ionic crystals where the positive and negative ions are similar in size, as seen in sodium chloride and cesium chloride. The presence of Schottky defects enables the crystal to conduct electricity to a small extent through an ionic mechanism. Electric fields cause nearby...
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Non-Stoichiometric Defects01:29

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Non-Stoichiometric Defects

Non-stoichiometric defects refer to a type of defect in the crystal structure of a compound where the ratio of its constituent elements deviates from the ideal stoichiometric ratio. There are two main types of non-stoichiometric defects: metal excess defects and metal deficiency defects.Metal excess defects occur when there is a slight surplus of metal ions than what is required by the stoichiometric ratio of the compound. For example, heating a sodium chloride crystal in sodium vapor results...

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Spark Plasma Sintering Apparatus Used for the Formation of Strontium Titanate Bicrystals
11:17

Spark Plasma Sintering Apparatus Used for the Formation of Strontium Titanate Bicrystals

Published on: February 9, 2017

Graphite polyhedral crystals.

Y Gogotsi1, J A Libera, N Kalashnikov

  • 1University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chicago, IL 60607, USA. gogotsi@drexel.edu

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|October 13, 2000
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New graphite polyhedral crystals (GPCs) discovered in glassy carbon exhibit unique symmetries and high perfection. These nanostructures show potential for advanced material applications due to their superior properties.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Carbon Science

Background:

  • Discovery of novel polyhedral nano- and microstructures within glassy carbon pores.
  • These structures, termed graphite polyhedral crystals (GPCs), possess nanotube cores and graphite faces.
  • Observed GPCs exhibit unusual axial symmetries, including sevenfold and ninefold.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the morphology and structure of newly discovered graphite polyhedral crystals (GPCs).
  • To compare the perfection of GPCs with existing multiwall nanotubes.
  • To investigate the potential properties and applications of GPCs.

Main Methods:

  • Raman spectroscopy for structural analysis.
  • Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for high-resolution imaging.
  • Morphological characterization of GPCs found in glassy carbon pores.

Main Results:

  • Graphite polyhedral crystals (GPCs) with diverse shapes (needles, rods, rings, etc.) were identified.
  • GPCs demonstrate a higher degree of structural perfection than multiwall nanotubes of comparable size.
  • Crystals measure up to 1 micrometer in cross-section and 5 micrometers in length, with potential for larger growth.

Conclusions:

  • Graphite polyhedral crystals (GPCs) represent a novel class of carbon nanostructures.
  • Their high perfection and unique symmetries suggest advanced material properties.
  • Preliminary findings indicate high electrical conductivity, strength, and chemical stability for GPCs.