Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 8, 2026

Evaluation of Host-Pathogen Responses and Vaccine Efficacy in Mice
Published on: February 22, 2019
Adult vaccination, part 2: vaccines for persons at high risk. Teaching Immunization for Medical Education (TIME)
1Department of Family Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Abstract:
The morbidity and mortality from vaccine-preventable diseases are high among adults with underlying medical conditions. Influenza vaccination is recommended annually, optimally between October and mid-November, for all persons 50 years of age and older and those with cardiac disease with potential for altered hemodynamics, diabetes mellitus, immunocompromising conditions, pulmonary disease, or renal disease. This season, because of production delays, influenza vaccination campaigns are planned for November. Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination is recommended for all persons 65 years and older and for those with alcoholism, asplenia, cardiac disease, cirrhosis, diabetes mellitus, immunocompromising conditions, pulmonary disease, or chronic renal disease. Indications for hepatitis B vaccination include chronic renal disease and hemodialysis, as well as employment in health care or employment as a mortician or public safety officer. It is also recommended for homosexual men, those who have multiple sex partners or a sexually transmitted disease, and injection drug users.
Related Concept Videos
Vaccinations
Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
Cancer Vaccines
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
Pneumonia V: Nursing management and Prevention
The nurse must practice strict medical asepsis and adhere to infection control guidelines to minimize healthcare-associated infections.
Enhance airway patency
Position the patient correctly to facilitate drainage of the affected lung segments. Manual or mechanical percussion and vibration can also be employed.
Vaccines
Smallpox

