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Related Concept Videos

Migration00:53

Migration

Migration is long-range, seasonal movement from one region or habitat to another. This common strategy, carried out by many different organisms around the world, is an adaptive response that typically corresponds to changes in an organism’s environment, like resource availability or climate. Migrations can involve huge groups of thousands of animals as well as single individuals traveling alone and can range from thousands of kilometers to just a few hundred meters.
Meridians01:28

Meridians

In surveying, meridians are vital reference lines to measure directions and establish accurate land orientations. Meridians run from the north to the south poles, providing a stable framework for angular measurements and mapping. Meridians are fundamental in survey design, with the primary types being astronomic, magnetic, and assumed meridians. Each type offers distinct benefits and limitations, selected based on the project's scale and precision needs.The astronomic meridian is aligned with...
Azimuths and Bearings01:19

Azimuths and Bearings

Azimuths and bearings are essential concepts in surveying, providing methods to express the direction of a line relative to a meridian. Azimuths refer to the clockwise angle measured from the north end of a reference meridian to the given line, ranging from zero to 360 degrees. This method gives a comprehensive directional reference within a full 360-degree circle, making it a straightforward way to communicate direction in various fields, including navigation, cartography, and...
Compass01:23

Compass

The compass is a fundamental instrument that operates by aligning its magnetic needle with Earth's magnetic field. This alignment facilitates navigation and orientation, offering a means to determine direction relative to magnetic north. However, the magnetic needle points to magnetic north, which differs slightly from true geographic north due to magnetic declination, which is the angular deviation between these two points. Declination varies based on geographic location and shifts over time...
Magnetic Declination01:19

Magnetic Declination

Magnetic declination is the angle between true north, which aligns with the Earth's rotational axis, and magnetic north, which follows the direction of the Earth's magnetic field. This discrepancy exists because the magnetic poles do not coincide with the geographic poles. The value of magnetic declination depends on the observer's location on Earth and is subject to changes over time due to the dynamic nature of the Earth's magnetic field.The declination is called eastern when magnetic north...
Local Attraction01:22

Local Attraction

Local attraction refers to disturbances in compass readings caused by magnetic influences from nearby objects such as metal fences, buried pipes, vehicles, buildings, power lines, or natural iron ore deposits. Small items like wristwatches, steel tools, or belt buckles can also interfere with the compass by creating local magnetic fields that distort the Earth's natural magnetic field. These distortions lead to inaccurate readings, posing navigation and land surveying challenges.Local...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 27, 2026

Remote Magnetic Navigation for Accurate, Real-time Catheter Positioning and Ablation in Cardiac Electrophysiology Procedures
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Remote Magnetic Navigation for Accurate, Real-time Catheter Positioning and Ablation in Cardiac Electrophysiology Procedures

Published on: April 21, 2013

Magnetic information calibrates celestial cues during migration.

Sandberg1, Bäckman, Moore

  • 1Department of Animal Ecology, Lund University

Animal Behaviour
|October 18, 2000
PubMed
Summary

Migratory birds calibrate celestial and geomagnetic cues for navigation. Species differ in how they integrate magnetic fields and star compass information for orientation during migration.

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Area of Science:

  • Ornithology
  • Animal Behavior
  • Neuroethology

Background:

  • Migratory birds navigate using celestial and geomagnetic cues.
  • Cue-conflict experiments demonstrate calibration between these orientation systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate calibration of orientation cues in four North American songbird species.
  • To identify species-specific differences in cue calibration.

Main Methods:

  • Autumn migratory orientation was assessed using cage tests and free-flight release tests.
  • Cage tests involved local and deflected magnetic fields at dusk.
  • Release tests evaluated star compass recalibration after magnetic field exposure.

Main Results:

  • Red-eyed vireos and northern waterthrushes calibrated magnetic fields, while indigo buntings and grey catbirds oriented to sunset.
  • All four species recalibrated their star compass based on prior magnetic field exposure.
  • Magnetic field calibration varied significantly between species.

Conclusions:

  • Songbirds demonstrate species-specific calibration of magnetic and celestial orientation cues.
  • The star compass is recalibrated by experienced magnetic fields for migratory orientation.
  • Magnetic cues likely play a crucial role in calibrating the star compass during twilight periods.