A functional classification of hypochondriasis with specific recommendations for treatment

A review of both past and present psychiatric literature reveals that the concept of hypochondriasis is inexact and confusing. In an attempt to make hypochondriasis a meaningful and useful concept for practicing clinicans, a functional classification is presented that views hypochondriasis from four aspects--(1) as a "warning signal," (2) as a symptom of psychosis, (3) as a symptom of depressive illness, and (4) as a syndrome labelled "true hypochondriasis." Each of these aspects is discussed, with emphasis placed on specific and practical recommendations for treatment.