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Related Concept Videos

Nucleotide Excision Repair01:38

Nucleotide Excision Repair

DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
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Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells

Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) are mainly located at the basal layer of the epidermis. These cells repair minor injuries of the skin and replace dead skin cells. However, EpiSCs’ cannot heal severe wounds such as major burns or those from diabetes or hereditary disorders. In such cases, culturing the epidermal stem cells from the patient is possible and has yielded successful treatment options, such as laboratory-grown skin grafts. These grafts are synthesized using a patient’s own EpiSCs...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Cell Population Analyses During Skin Carcinogenesis
06:53

Cell Population Analyses During Skin Carcinogenesis

Published on: August 21, 2013

Skin abnormalities generated by temporally controlled RXRalpha mutations in mouse epidermis.

M Li1, A K Indra, X Warot

  • 1Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/ULP, Collège de France, Illkirch.

Nature
|October 18, 2000
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRalpha) is crucial for skin homeostasis. Selective ablation of RXRalpha in adult mice revealed its essential roles in hair cycling, keratinocyte proliferation, and differentiation.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Nuclear receptors like RARs and VDR are implicated in epidermal development and homeostasis.
  • These receptors often heterodimerize with RXRs to regulate gene transcription.
  • Previous genetic studies on RXRs in skin have been limited by lethality and pleiotropic effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To overcome limitations in studying RXRalpha's function in the skin.
  • To investigate the specific roles of RXRalpha in adult mouse epidermis.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms of RXRalpha in skin homeostasis and disease.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a novel technique for spatiotemporally controlled somatic mutations in mice.
  • Utilized tamoxifen-inducible Cre-ER(T) recombinases for selective ablation of RXRalpha.
  • Targeted RXRalpha knockout in adult mouse keratinocytes.

Main Results:

  • RXRalpha plays a critical role in regulating hair cycling.
  • RXRalpha is essential for epidermal keratinocyte proliferation.
  • RXRalpha is vital for keratinocyte differentiation, likely via RXR/VDR heterodimers.

Conclusions:

  • RXRalpha is indispensable for maintaining skin homeostasis in adult mammals.
  • Targeted genetic manipulation provides a powerful tool for studying essential genes in skin biology.
  • Understanding RXRalpha's function offers potential therapeutic targets for skin disorders.