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Bismuth autometallography: protocol, specificity, and differentiation.

G Danscher¹, M Stoltenberg, K Kemp

¹Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Anatomy, University of Aarhus, Denmark. gd@neuro.au.dk

The Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry : Official Journal of the Histochemistry Society

|October 19, 2000

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Autometallography specifically traces bismuth sulfide clusters in tissues. Excess selenium binds to bismuth, forming bismuth selenide clusters, which can be removed with potassium cyanide.

Area of Science:

Biomedical science
Toxicology
Analytical chemistry

Background:

Autometallography is a technique used for visualizing metal deposits in biological tissues.
The specificity of autometallography for bismuth has not been fully established.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a detailed protocol for the autometallographic bismuth technique.
To evaluate the specificity of this technique for tracing bismuth.
To investigate the interaction of bismuth with selenium in biological tissues.

Main Methods:

Autometallography was used to detect bismuth in tissue sections.
Proton-induced X-ray microanalysis (PIXE) was employed for multi-elemental analysis of autometallographic grains.
Potassium cyanide was used to remove bismuth sulfide clusters from Epon-embedded tissue sections.

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Main Results:

Autometallographic grains were found to contain silver, bismuth, and sulfur, confirming specific tracing of bismuth sulfide clusters.
In tissues from animals exposed to both selenium and bismuth, grains also contained selenium, indicating the formation of bismuth selenide clusters.
Bismuth sulfide clusters were successfully removed from tissue sections using potassium cyanide.

Conclusions:

Autometallography is a specific technique for tracing bismuth, particularly when it is bound as bismuth sulfide clusters.
Excess selenium can bind to exogenous bismuth, forming bismuth selenide clusters.
Potassium cyanide can be used to differentiate bismuth sulfide clusters from other autometallographically detectable metals.