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Anemia in the elderly.

D L Smith1

  • 1Department of family Medicine, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison 53715, USA.

American Family Physician
|October 19, 2000
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Anemia in older adults is often treatable, with identifiable causes in 80% of cases. Common culprits include chronic disease and iron deficiency, but other deficiencies and conditions also play a role.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Hematology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Anemia is frequently observed in elderly patients but is not an inevitable part of aging.
  • Identifying the underlying cause of anemia in older adults is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the common causes of anemia in the elderly.
  • To discuss diagnostic approaches and treatment strategies for anemia in older adults.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on anemia in the elderly.
  • Discussion of diagnostic tests including serum ferritin and methylmalonic acid levels.
  • Overview of treatment options for various types of anemia.

Main Results:

  • Approximately 80% of elderly patients with anemia have an identifiable cause.

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  • The most frequent causes are anemia of chronic disease and iron deficiency anemia.
  • Other significant causes include vitamin B12 deficiency, folate deficiency, gastrointestinal bleeding, and myelodysplastic syndromes.
  • Conclusions:

    • Anemia in the elderly is multifactorial and requires thorough investigation.
    • Serum ferritin is key for differentiating iron deficiency from anemia of chronic disease.
    • Vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies are treatable with supplementation, with serum methylmalonic acid aiding B12 diagnosis.