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Relation between heart rate variability and training load in middle-distance runners.

V Pichot1, F Roche, J M Gaspoz

  • 1Laboratoire de Physiologie, Université de Saint-Etienne, France.

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
|October 20, 2000
PubMed
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Heart rate variability (HRV) effectively monitors athletic fatigue by tracking autonomic nervous system activity. HRV changes during heavy training indicate physical stress better than resting heart rate.

Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Physiology
  • Autonomic Nervous System Research

Background:

  • Monitoring physical performance in competitive sports is crucial.
  • Traditional metrics like resting heart rate and VO2max have limitations in routine use and reliability.
  • Objective assessment of training load and fatigue is needed for optimizing athletic performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate heart rate variability (HRV) as a tool for monitoring physical fatigue in athletes.
  • To compare the effectiveness of HRV with traditional metrics in assessing training load.
  • To investigate the impact of heavy training on autonomic nervous system activity.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed autonomic nervous system activity using HRV in middle-distance runners during a training cycle.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Recorded electrocardiograms overnight twice weekly, calculating HRV indices using Fourier and Wavelet transforms.
  • Collected daily training loads and fatigue sensations via questionnaires, comparing results with a sedentary control group.

    • Main Results:

    • Significant decrease in parasympathetic indices (-41%) and increase in sympathetic indices (+31%) during heavy training.
    • Parasympathetic indices increased (+46%) and sympathetic indices decreased (-24%) during the resting week.
    • No significant HRV variations were observed in the sedentary control group, highlighting training-induced changes.

    Conclusions:

    • Heavy training shifts cardiac autonomic balance towards sympathetic dominance.
    • Overnight HRV is a more sensitive indicator of cumulative physical fatigue than resting heart rate.
    • HRV analysis can aid in optimizing individual training programs for athletes.