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Related Experiment Videos

Expression and coreceptor function of APJ for primate immunodeficiency viruses.

B A Puffer1, M Sharron, C M Coughlan

  • 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA.

Virology
|October 21, 2000
PubMed
Summary

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A new antibody to APJ (apelin receptor) reveals its role as a coreceptor for primate lentiviruses. Apelin-13 peptide blocks this viral entry, suggesting potential therapeutic strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • APJ (apelin receptor) is a G-protein-coupled receptor involved in primate lentivirus entry.
  • Understanding APJ's in vivo role is limited by the lack of specific antibodies for expression analysis and functional blocking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a monoclonal antibody against APJ to investigate its expression and coreceptor function.
  • To determine if APJ expression correlates with viral coreceptor activity and if its ligand can block this function.

Main Methods:

  • Production and characterization of a specific monoclonal antibody (MAb 856) to APJ.
  • Detection of APJ expression using FACS, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot.
  • Correlation of APJ expression with coreceptor activity and assessment of apelin-13's blocking capability.

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Main Results:

  • MAb 856 successfully detected APJ in various assays and confirmed its N-glycosylation.
  • APJ demonstrated coreceptor function even at low expression levels.
  • APJ was not detected on commonly used cell lines or human PBMCs, but viral fusion was observed with APJ-positive, CD4-negative cells when CD4 was provided in trans.
  • Apelin-13 efficiently blocked APJ coreceptor activity.

Conclusions:

  • A novel antibody to APJ enables its detection and functional characterization.
  • APJ can act as a coreceptor for primate lentiviruses, potentially rendering primary cells susceptible to infection.
  • Apelin-13 is a potent inhibitor of APJ-mediated viral entry, offering a potential therapeutic avenue.