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Related Concept Videos

Psychosis and Antipsychotic Drugs: Overview01:28

Psychosis and Antipsychotic Drugs: Overview

The term "psychosis" refers to a spectrum of mental disorders characterized by abnormal thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors. It can manifest as mood disorders, dementia, delirium with psychotic features, substance-induced psychosis with psychotic features, brief psychotic disorder, delusional disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia. Among all these disorders, schizophrenia is the most common psychotic disorder, affecting 1% of the worldwide population. Psychotic symptoms in all...
Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy01:26

Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy

Antipsychotic drugs are a crucial treatment method for acute and chronic psychoses, bipolar illness, and behavioral disorders. The selection of these drugs depends on several factors, including the state of the disease, clinical judgment, possible drug interactions, and the patient's sensitivity to adverse effects. In immediate scenarios, such as delirium and dementia, short-term treatment with low doses of high-potency typical or atypical agents can effectively manage symptom exacerbation. For...
Antipsychotic Drugs: Typical and Atypical Agents01:21

Antipsychotic Drugs: Typical and Atypical Agents

Antipsychotic drugs are classified into first-generation (typical) drugs including phenothiazines; and second-generation (atypical) drugs. Chlorpromazine hydrochloride (Thorazine), a phenothiazine derivative, broadly impacts the central, autonomic, and endocrine systems. This drug, along with typical agents like haloperidol (Haldol), primarily works by antagonizing D2 receptors, thus reducing dopaminergic neurotransmission. However, typical antipsychotics can cause side effects such as sedation...
Bioequivalence Experimental Study Designs: Repeated Measures, Cross-Over, Carry-Over, and Latin Square Designs01:15

Bioequivalence Experimental Study Designs: Repeated Measures, Cross-Over, Carry-Over, and Latin Square Designs

Bioequivalence experimental study designs play a pivotal role in testing the effectiveness of various treatments. Key among these are the repeated measures, cross-over, carry-over, and Latin square designs. In the repeated measures design, each subject receives all treatments, allowing for temporal comparisons. This type of design is useful in reducing variability but requires careful planning to avoid bias.The cross-over design, an economical method, involves sequential administration of...
Psychological and Sociocultural Causes of Schizophrenia01:29

Psychological and Sociocultural Causes of Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia, a complex psychiatric disorder, has been historically misunderstood. Early psychological theories attributed its origins to childhood trauma and unresponsive parenting. However, contemporary research largely rejects these notions, favoring the vulnerability-stress hypothesis. This model proposes that individuals with a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia may develop the disorder following exposure to significant environmental stressors. Notably, studies on high-risk...
Drug Therapy01:28

Drug Therapy

The advent of drug therapy has profoundly shaped modern mental health care, providing targeted treatments for a range of psychological disorders. Psychotherapeutic drugs, classified into antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic medications, address symptoms across anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. While these medications have transformed patient outcomes, they require careful management due to their potential side effects and limitations.
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Related Experiment Video

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Methods for Studying the Mechanisms of Action of Antipsychotic Drugs in Caenorhabditis elegans
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Risperidone versus clozapine in treatment-resistant schizophrenia: a randomized pilot study.

K Wahlbeck1, M Cheine, K Tuisku

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, Finland. Kristian.Wahlbeck@Helsinki.Fi

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry
|October 21, 2000
PubMed
Summary

Risperidone may be as effective as clozapine for treating refractory schizophrenia in real-world settings. This study supports further pragmatic trials to confirm these findings for schizophrenia treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Pharmacology

Background:

  • Clozapine is the standard treatment for refractory schizophrenia.
  • Risperidone, an atypical antipsychotic, is a potential alternative.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the effectiveness of risperidone versus clozapine in everyday practice.
  • To assess the feasibility of a pragmatic trial for schizophrenia treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Randomized open-label trial with blinded outcome assessment.
  • 19 patients with refractory schizophrenia received either clozapine or risperidone for 10 weeks.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in clinical improvement (20% PANSS score reduction) between risperidone and clozapine groups.
  • Similar outcomes in positive/negative symptoms, disease severity, and functioning.
  • Dropout rates were higher in the clozapine group.

Conclusions:

  • Risperidone may be an effective alternative to clozapine for refractory schizophrenia.
  • Pragmatic trials are feasible and necessary to further investigate treatment differences.