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Updated: Aug 18, 2026

Early Detection of Drug-Induced Renal Hemodynamic Dysfunction Using Sonographic Technology in Rats
Published on: March 11, 2016
Bismuth biokinetics and kidney histopathology after bismuth overdose in rats
B T Leussink1, A Slikkerveer, W J Krauwinkel
1Toxicology Laboratory, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. B.LEUSSINK@LUMC.NL
Abstract:
Bismuth induced nephrotoxicity has been reported to occur after acute overdoses of Bi-containing therapeutic drugs. We studied the development of bismuth induced nephropathy and bismuth biokinetics in rats. Bismuth nephropathy was induced in 33 young adult female Wistar rats weighing ca. 175 g by feeding them a single overdose of colloidal bismuth subcitrate containing 3.0 mmol Bi/kg at (t = 0). Control animals (n = 7) were fed the vehicle only. The animals were sacrificed after 1-48 h. Plasma creatinine increased from 51 +/- 6 micromol/l at t = 0 to 550 +/- 250 micromol/l after 48 h in the experimental group. The S3 segment of the proximal tubule showed epithelial cell vacuolation after 1 h and necrosis after 3 h. Cells of the S1/S2 segment demonstrated vacuolation after 6 h and necrosis after 12 h. Biokinetics of bismuth in blood could best be described with a one-compartment model characterized by an absorption half-life of 0.32 h and an elimination halflife of 16 h. The peak concentration of about 7.0 mg Bi/l was reached after 2 h. In conclusion, cells of the S3 segment of the proximal tubule necrotized first after an oral colloidal bismuth subcitrate overdose and biokinetics of Bi in blood was best described by a one-compartment model.
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