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Related Experiment Videos

A two-phase model of B-cell activation.

N Baumgarth1

  • 1Department of Genetics, Stanford University Medical School, Beckman Center, CA 94305-5318, USA. Baumgarth@Stanford.edu

Immunological Reviews
|October 24, 2000
PubMed
Summary
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The two-signal model for lymphocyte activation is challenged by new evidence. A revised model proposes T-cell-independent B-cell activation and IgM secretion as the initial phase of immune response.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cellular Biology
  • Infectious Disease

Background:

  • The traditional two-signal model posits that naive B cell activation requires both antigen recognition and T-cell help.
  • This model suggests that antigen recognition alone is insufficient to prevent autoreactive responses.
  • Recent findings indicate T-cell-independent B cell activation occurs during pathogen response.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a revised model for B cell activation during infection.
  • To explain the rapid kinetics of in vivo humoral responses.
  • To elucidate the role of secreted IgM in early B cell responses.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of existing immunological data.
  • Theoretical modeling of B cell activation pathways.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of T-cell-independent and T-cell-dependent B cell responses.

    • Main Results:

    • Initial B cell expansion and IgM secretion occur via T-cell-independent mechanisms (Phase I).
    • Secreted IgM acts as an autocrine growth factor during Phase I.
    • B-cell-T-cell interaction and subsequent events (germinal center reaction, isotype switching) occur in Phase II.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed two-phase model explains rapid in vivo B cell responses to infection.
    • This model reconciles T-cell-independent activation with the necessity of T-cell help for memory development.
    • Secreted IgM plays a crucial role in initiating the early humoral immune response.