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Cellular location of streptolysin O.

G B Calandra, T S Theodore

    Infection and Immunity
    |October 1, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary

    Group A streptococci release Streptolysin O from the periplasm, similar to extracellular toxins. Alkaline phosphatase, however, showed a different cellular location than in other bacteria.

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    Area of Science:

    • Microbiology
    • Cell Biology
    • Bacterial Pathogenesis

    Background:

    • Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is a significant human pathogen.
    • Streptolysin O (SLO) is a key virulence factor produced by GAS.
    • Understanding the subcellular localization of SLO is crucial for elucidating its role in infection.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To determine the subcellular localization of Streptolysin O in group A streptococci.
    • To characterize the properties of periplasmic SLO.
    • To investigate the localization of marker enzymes for cellular fractionation.

    Main Methods:

    • Group A streptococci were converted to protoplasts in a hypertonic buffer.
    • Subcellular fractions were isolated and analyzed for enzyme and toxin activity.
    • Streptolysin O activity was quantified.
    • Marker enzymes (aldolase, maltase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase) were assayed.

    Main Results:

    • The majority of Streptolysin O activity was localized to the periplasm.
    • Periplasmic SLO exhibited characteristics similar to extracellular SLO.
    • Cytoplasmic and membrane-associated marker enzymes showed expected localization.
    • Alkaline phosphatase displayed an unusual localization, predominantly in the cytoplasm.

    Conclusions:

    • Streptolysin O is primarily located in the periplasm of group A streptococci.
    • This periplasmic localization suggests a potential mechanism for SLO release.
    • The distinct localization of alkaline phosphatase warrants further investigation in GAS.

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