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Related Experiment Videos

Confidence--accuracy relations for real and suggested events.

J L Tomes1, A N Katz

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.

Memory (Hove, England)
|October 25, 2000
PubMed
Summary

Memory confidence accurately reflects memory accuracy for true events, but not for misinformation. Individual differences in memory and confidence are weakly linked to misinformation effects.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Memory Studies
  • Forensic Psychology

Background:

  • The misinformation effect describes how post-event information can alter memory accuracy.
  • Understanding the relationship between confidence and accuracy in memory is crucial, especially in legal contexts.
  • Individual differences may influence how misinformation affects memory and confidence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between memory accuracy and confidence in the presence of misinformation.
  • To examine how individual differences modulate the confidence-accuracy relationship for both accurate and misinformation-affected memories.

Main Methods:

  • Participants underwent a misinformation procedure involving multiple events.
  • Memory accuracy and self-reported confidence were assessed for both misinformation and non-misinformation items.
  • Individual difference measures were collected and correlated with confidence-accuracy relationships.

Main Results:

  • A significant difference was found in the confidence-accuracy relationship between misinformation and non-misinformation items.
  • The confidence-accuracy relationship was weaker for items affected by misinformation.
  • Several individual difference variables showed weak but significant correlations with the confidence-accuracy relationship.

Conclusions:

  • Memory confidence is a less reliable indicator of accuracy when misinformation is present.
  • Individual differences play a role, albeit a weak one, in how confidence relates to accuracy after exposure to misinformation.
  • Findings highlight the complexities of memory, confidence, and suggest caution when relying on confidence as a sole indicator of memory accuracy in real-world scenarios.

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