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Evolutionary Psychology01:20

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

A New Approach that Eliminates Handling for Studying Aggression and the "Loser" Effect in Drosophila melanogaster
07:19

A New Approach that Eliminates Handling for Studying Aggression and the "Loser" Effect in Drosophila melanogaster

Published on: December 30, 2015

The Evolution of Human Homosexual Behavior.

Kirkpatrick, Plato, Lévi-Strauss

    Current Anthropology
    |October 25, 2000
    PubMed
    Summary

    Homosexuality is explored through evolutionary adaptation. Research suggests homosexual behavior may have evolved through reciprocal altruism and same-sex alliances, rather than kin selection or parental manipulation.

    Area of Science:

    • Evolutionary psychology
    • Anthropology
    • Behavioral biology

    Background:

    • Homosexuality presents an evolutionary paradox, challenging traditional measures of adaptedness based on reproductive success.
    • Understanding the evolutionary origins of non-reproductive homosexual behavior requires examining various adaptationist hypotheses.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review and compare three adaptationist hypotheses for the evolution of homosexuality.
    • To assess the evidence for kin selection, parental manipulation, and reciprocal altruism in explaining homosexual behavior.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing literature on evolutionary biology and anthropology.
    • Comparison of theoretical hypotheses with anthropological and behavioral data.

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    Assessment of Sexual Behavior of Male Mice

    Published on: March 5, 2020

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jul 8, 2026

    A New Approach that Eliminates Handling for Studying Aggression and the "Loser" Effect in Drosophila melanogaster
    07:19

    A New Approach that Eliminates Handling for Studying Aggression and the "Loser" Effect in Drosophila melanogaster

    Published on: December 30, 2015

    Measuring and Altering Mating Drive in Male Drosophila melanogaster
    07:02

    Measuring and Altering Mating Drive in Male Drosophila melanogaster

    Published on: February 15, 2017

    Assessment of Sexual Behavior of Male Mice
    04:38

    Assessment of Sexual Behavior of Male Mice

    Published on: March 5, 2020

    Main Results:

    • Limited evidence supports kin selection; homosexuals' offspring care does not appear to confer lineage reproductive advantage.
    • Parental manipulation hypothesis shows some support, with parental influence on offspring reproductive decisions and homosexual behavior.
    • Strongest support found for reciprocal altruism; same-sex sexual behavior may maintain alliances with reproductive advantages, as seen in nonhuman primates.

    Conclusions:

    • Homosexual behavior is partly an emergent quality of human same-sex affiliation, with roots in reciprocal altruism and alliance formation.
    • While adaptationist explanations offer insights, they do not fully account for human sexual behavior, which is also shaped by social and historical factors.