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The Language of Classic Maya Inscriptions1.

Houston, Robertson, Stuart

    Current Anthropology
    |February 7, 2001
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Recent decipherments of Maya hieroglyphs reveal Classic Ch'olti'an, a unique prestige language. This language, linked to Eastern Ch'olan, influenced status in ancient Maya kingdoms.

    Area of Science:

    • Linguistics
    • Archaeology
    • Epigraphy

    Background:

    • Decipherments of Classic Maya hieroglyphs (ca. A.D. 250–850) reveal linguistic patterns.
    • Epigraphic and historical analyses are key to understanding ancient languages.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To identify and define a specific prestige language used in Classic Maya script.
    • To explore the historical origins and affiliations of this language.
    • To investigate the social impact of this language on ancient Maya societies.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of phonological and morphological patterns in deciphered Maya hieroglyphs.
    • Epigraphic analysis of script features.
    • Historical linguistic reconstruction and comparison with Eastern Ch'olan languages.

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    Main Results:

    • Isolation of a coherent prestige language, termed "Classic Ch'olti'an", with unique script features.
    • Evidence for Classic Ch'olti'an's historical configuration and Eastern Ch'olan ancestry (including Ch'orti').
    • Identification of widespread use across Maya script.

    Conclusions:

    • Classic Ch'olti'an was likely a shared prestige language among Maya elites, literati, and priests.
    • This language played a significant role in establishing personal and group status within ancient Maya kingdoms.
    • The findings offer insights into the sociolinguistic dynamics of the Classic Maya civilization.