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Updated: Jul 28, 2026

Comprehensive Characterization of Extended Defects in Semiconductor Materials by a Scanning Electron Microscope
Published on: May 28, 2016
Dynamics of a penta-hepta defect in a hexagonal pattern
Abstract:
The structure and dynamics of a penta-hepta defect in a hexagonal pattern are studied experimentally. The hexagonal pattern is formed by placing a layer of soap bubbles (diameter approximately 1 mm) on a flat glass plate. We find that an isolated penta-hepta defect in a bubble raft with free boundary always moves along the direction perpendicular to the wave vector of the nonsingular mode and towards the nearest boundary. The structure of the penta-hepta defect is found to be similar to that found in nonequilibrium pattern forming systems.
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