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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Training Synesthetic Letter-color Associations by Reading in Color

Training Synesthetic Letter-color Associations by Reading in Color

Published on: February 20, 2014

Behavioral and brain wave evidence for automatic processing of orthographically regular letter strings.

A P Rudell¹, B Hu

¹Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, State University of New York, Brooklyn 11203, USA. arudell@netmail.hscbklyn.edu

Brain and Language

|October 26, 2000

Summary

This study investigated automatic processing of letter strings. Brain-wave responses revealed orthographic regularity effects even when participants weren't reading, suggesting reading processes operate automatically.

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Interaction between Phonological and Semantic Processes in Visual Word Recognition using Electrophysiology

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Published on: June 29, 2021

Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Neuroscience
Psycholinguistics

Background:

The automaticity of reading processes is a key area in cognitive psychology.
Understanding how the brain processes written language, even incidentally, offers insights into reading development and disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the automatic processing of nonword letter strings during perceptual tasks.
To determine if orthographic regularity influences brain activity irrespective of explicit reading demands.

Main Methods:

Two groups of participants performed distinct perceptual tasks: word detection and Gestalt pattern detection.
Nonword letter strings, varying in orthographic regularity, were presented alongside target stimuli within a stream of nonletter images.
Behavioral responses and electroencephalography (EEG) brain-wave responses were recorded.

Main Results:

Behavioral data indicated orthographic regularity effects only in the word detection group.
Brain-wave responses, however, showed significant effects of orthographic regularity in both word and Gestalt pattern detection groups.
Regular letter strings elicited larger brain-wave responses compared to irregular strings.

Conclusions:

The findings suggest that the brain automatically processes orthographic regularity, a core component of reading, even when the task does not require explicit reading.
Electroencephalography provides a valuable tool for studying reading-related brain processes in non-reading tasks.
This supports the notion of automaticity in early stages of visual word recognition.