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[Hypo and hypercalcemia as an emergency].

H G Haas, M A Dambacher, J Guncaga

    Klinische Wochenschrift
    |May 15, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Calcium homeostasis derangements, hypo- and hypercalcemia, present distinct clinical challenges. While hypocalcemic tetany is rarely fatal, hypercalcemic crisis demands prompt emergency treatment for patient survival.

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    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Nephrology
    • Internal Medicine

    Context:

    • Calcium homeostasis is crucial for physiological function.
    • Disruptions in calcium levels can lead to severe health issues.
    • Hypocalcemia and hypercalcemia require distinct management strategies.

    Purpose:

    • To outline the clinical presentations and emergency management of hypo- and hypercalcemia.
    • To differentiate treatment approaches for hypocalcemic tetany and hypercalcemic crisis.
    • To provide guidance on the effective use of various therapeutic interventions.

    Summary:

    • Hypocalcemic tetany, though alarming, is typically managed with intravenous calcium, with magnesium rarely needed. Vitamin D and dihydrotachysterol (DHT) offer delayed correction.
    • Hypercalcemic crisis necessitates immediate treatment, often starting with intravenous fluids, furosemide, and prednisone. Monitoring fluid, sodium, and potassium is essential.

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  • If initial treatments for hypercalcemic crisis are ineffective, phosphate infusion or mithramycin may be considered. Calcitonin can be used adjunctively before phosphate infusion.

    • Impact:

    • Provides clinicians with a clear framework for managing calcium derangements.
    • Highlights the urgency and specific interventions required for hypercalcemic crisis.
    • Emphasizes the importance of timely and appropriate treatment for calcium-related emergencies.