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Brain abscess.

D P Calfee1, B Wispelwey

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville 22908, USA.

Seminars in Neurology
|October 29, 2000
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brain abscess epidemiology is shifting towards immunocompromised patients, with new neuroimaging aiding diagnosis. Management strategies are evolving, especially for HIV-infected individuals, due to decreased toxoplasmic encephalitis incidence.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Brain abscess epidemiology is changing, with increased incidence in immunocompromised individuals like transplant recipients.
  • Traditional causes like sinusitis and otitis are decreasing.
  • Advancements in neuroimaging offer new diagnostic approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current epidemiology, pathogenesis, microbiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of brain abscess.
  • To highlight changes in brain abscess management, particularly in immunocompromised and HIV-infected patients.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on brain abscess.
  • Analysis of epidemiological trends and diagnostic advancements.
  • Discussion of evolving treatment protocols.

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Main Results:

  • Increased incidence of brain abscess in solid organ and bone marrow transplant recipients.
  • Decreased incidence related to sinusitis and otitis.
  • Emergence of advanced neuroimaging techniques (SPECT, PET, perfusion MRI, MRS) for noninvasive diagnosis.
  • Updated management guidelines for intracranial mass lesions in HIV-infected individuals due to reduced toxoplasmic encephalitis.

Conclusions:

  • Brain abscess presentation and risk factors are evolving.
  • Neuroimaging plays a crucial role in early and accurate diagnosis.
  • Management requires tailored approaches based on patient immune status and evolving treatment options.