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Complement-mediated host defense in the lung.

W T Watford1, A J Ghio, J R Wright

  • 1Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham North Carolina 27710, USA.

American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology
|October 29, 2000
PubMed
Summary
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The lung

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Innate Immunity

Background:

  • The complement system is crucial for pathogen elimination.
  • Its presence and function in the lung remain incompletely understood.
  • Lung surfactant proteins share structural similarities with complement components.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence and function of the complement system in human bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF).
  • To determine the role of lung surfactant proteins A (SP-A) and D (SP-D) in complement activation.

Main Methods:

  • Western blot analysis of BALF to detect complement proteins.
  • Functional assays to assess classical and alternative complement pathway activity.
  • Testing SP-A and SP-D for their ability to activate the classical pathway.

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Main Results:

  • Complement proteins from both classical and alternative pathways were detected in BALF.
  • Functional classical pathway activity was present, but alternative pathway activity was low.
  • Low levels of factor B correlated with reduced alternative pathway activity.
  • Neither SP-A nor SP-D could substitute for C1q in activating the classical pathway.

Conclusions:

  • The classical complement pathway is functionally active in the lung.
  • Lung surfactant proteins SP-A and SP-D do not substitute for C1q in classical pathway activation.
  • The classical complement pathway likely plays a role in lung pathogen recognition and clearance.