Management of the diabetic Charcot foot

The diabetic Charcot foot is a major limb-threatening complication of long-term diabetes mellitus and neuropathy. Although first described over 100 years ago, we are still lacking definitive studies regarding its prevalence in this population, precise etiology, or most effective treatments. Trauma in the presence of peripheral sensory neuropathy and abundant arterial perfusion seem to be the primary causal factors leading to this severe foot deformity. Misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis of osteoarthropathy allows the destructive phase of this disorder to continue with resultant further destruction of the foot architecture. The authors discuss the natural history of this entity as well as potential treatment options and recommendations. Through a better understanding of the underlying pathogenesis, Charcot arthropathy can be more effectively managed and thereby limit the development of severe deformity, ulceration, infection and limb loss.