Passive dispersion of latex aeroallergen in a healthcare facility

Prompted by worsening asthma in a dental assistant with latex allergy and occupational asthma while under personal latex precautions, we confirmed continuing latex aeroallergen exposure.

To determine the source of latex aeroallergen and ascertain the effects of site-wide substitution of nonpowdered low allergen latex glove in a health care site.

Using a volumetric sampler, baseline latex aeroallergen levels were measured in rooms where she worked and nearby rooms, as well as shared X-ray, laboratory, and waiting rooms. Allergen levels were measured in upholstery fabric samples, ventilation duct dust, and latex gloves. Alterations in aeroallergen levels following change of glove types were prospectively determined.

Baseline latex aeroallergen levels ranged from 6 to 25 ng/m3 in the patient's work areas and in other rooms from 29 to 90 ng/m3 during work hours. Latex antigen was found in three brands of powdered latex gloves (chi = 1,156 microg/g) used in the nearby opertories and the hygiene room, and in upholstery fabric, carpet dust, but not ventilation duct dust. In the absence of any other control measures, airborne latex became undetectable (<5 ng/m3) with exclusive use of nonpowdered latex gloves.

Latex aeroallergen is primarily generated by active glove use; carpeting and fabric upholstery can serve as important aeroallergen repositories. Site-wide substitution of nonpowdered latex gloves eliminates detectable latex aeroallergen.