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Updated: Sep 27, 2026

Cell Population Analyses During Skin Carcinogenesis
Published on: August 21, 2013
Apoptosis and expression of Bax and Bcl-2 in snuff- and non-snuff associated oral squamous cell carcinomas
L L Loro1, O K Vintermyr, S O Ibrahim
1Department of Odontology-Oral Pathology and Forensic Odontology, Gade Institute, Haukeland Hospital, University of Bergen, Norway. lado.loro@gades.uib.no
Background:
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is etiologically linked to tobacco and alcohol consumption. A higher frequency of p53 gene mutations was reported in snuff (toombak)-associated OSCC from the Sudan versus those from non-users (Ibrahim et al., 1999, 10).
Materials And Methods:
OSCC from Sudanese toombak users (n = 13) and non-users from the Sudan (n = 6) and Norway (n = 24) were analysed for bax, bcl-2 and Ki-67 immunohistochemically. Apoptosis was evaluated by the TUNEL method. The OSCC from the Sudan had previously been studied for p53 gene mutations.
Results:
We found a higher apoptotic rate and a higher bax expression in OSCC from Norway compared with those from the Sudan (p < 0.05) irrespective of toombak use. No significant differences were detected in apoptosis, bax, bcl-2 and Ki-67 in OSCC from the Sudan in relation to toombak use or p53 gene status.
Conclusion:
In OSCC, apoptosis was associated with bax expression and was unaffected by p53 gene status or toombak use in OSCC from the Sudan.
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