Amebic abscess of the liver presenting as acute cholecystitis

A case report is presented of a 37-year-old active duty Navy petty officer with amebic abscess of the liver presenting as acute cholecystitis. He was admitted with severe right upper quadrant pain and a positive Murphy's sign, but sonogram and computed tomography (CT) scan demonstrated an abscess in the right lobe of the liver. "Anchovy paste" material was obtained on percutaneous drainage, and he was placed on metronidazole administration with a tentative diagnosis of amebic abscess. This was confirmed on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Symptoms resolved within a few days, and the abscess progressively decreased in size. Amebic abscess of the liver is discussed, with emphasis on pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. Although uncommon, the condition is still seen in various population groups including the United States military. Difficulty in diagnosis is not unusual, and as in the herein-reported case, amebic abscesses of the liver may be confused with acute cholecystitis and other intra-abdominal infections. Abdominal sonogram and CT examination will identify a process in the liver, but the presence of amebiasis must be confirmed by laboratory studies on serum or contents of the abscess. Amebicidal agents are effective in many cases, but there remain roles for aspiration of the abscess, percutaneous drainage, and even open surgical drainage. Failure to establish an early diagnosis may result in rupture of the abscess, with catastrophic results.