[Lactose and gluten intolerance: which to suscept?]

Area of Science:

• Gastroenterology
• Immunology
• Epidemiology

Context:

• Lactose intolerance is prevalent globally, especially in certain ethnic groups, causing gastrointestinal distress.
• Coeliac disease, an autoimmune disorder, results from genetic, environmental, and immunological factors, leading to intestinal damage.
• The prevalence of coeliac disease may be underestimated due to subtle or single symptoms, deviating from classic presentations.

Purpose:

• To discuss the symptoms, detection methods, and management strategies for lactose intolerance.
• To review the diagnostic criteria and serologic test utility for coeliac disease.
• To highlight the importance of considering these conditions in patients with gastrointestinal symptoms.

Summary:

• Lactose intolerance management is straightforward once diagnosed, with recommendations provided for patient care.
• Coeliac disease diagnosis relies on genetic predisposition, environmental triggers, and immune response, with serologic tests aiding detection.
• Subtle presentations of coeliac disease are common, necessitating awareness beyond classic malabsorption symptoms.

Impact:

• Improved patient outcomes through timely diagnosis and appropriate management of lactose intolerance.
• Increased recognition and diagnosis of coeliac disease, potentially preventing long-term complications.
• Enhanced clinical awareness for diagnosing gastrointestinal disorders in diverse patient populations.