Effects of propofol on endothelial cells subjected to a peroxynitrite donor (SIN-1)

We investigated the effect of propofol on endothelial cells subjected to the peroxynitrite (ONOO-) donor 3-morpholino sydnonimine (SIN-1). Cells were incubated overnight with 0.5, 1.0 or 2.0 mM SIN-1, with or without 10-3 M propofol (Diprivan). Cytotoxicity, assessed by measuring the release of pre-incorporated 51Cr, increased when the concentration of SIN-1 increased, and was significantly decreased by 10-3 M propofol (90%, 78% and 28% of protection against 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mM SIN-1, respectively). Cell protection against 1 mM SIN-1 was tested with 0.03-1.0 mM propofol and this was compared to tyrosine, a target molecule for peroxynitrite. Propofol protected cells in a dose-dependent manner (r = 0.98; p < 0.001) and was as effective as tyrosine. Finally, using high-performance liquid chromatography, we demonstrated that propofol reacted with ONOO- more rapidly than did tyrosine, inhibiting nitrotyrosine formation. In the absence of propofol, 3.5 mM ONOO- with 1 mM tyrosine yielded 39.6% nitrotyrosine, but nitrotyrosine was not produced when 5 mM propofol was added. We conclude that propofol protects endothelial cells against the toxicity of ONOO-. The anti-oxidant properties of propofol can be partially attributed to its scavenging effect on peroxynitrite, a property that might be relevant in pathological situations involving a significant contribution of peroxynitrite to tissue damage.