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External trauma to the larynx: classification, diagnosis, therapy
N H Kleinsasser1, F G Priemer, W Schulze
1Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Germany. norbert.kleinsasser@hno.med.uni-muenchen.de
Summary
External trauma to the larynx is rare but requires careful diagnosis and classification. Understanding injury mechanisms and sequelae is crucial for effective treatment and improved patient outcomes, including breathing and voice quality.
Area of Science:
- Otolaryngology
- Trauma Surgery
Background:
- External laryngeal trauma is uncommon but diverse.
- Standardized classification is needed for effective diagnosis and therapy.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and classify cases of external laryngeal trauma.
- To analyze trauma mechanisms and sequelae.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective review of cases across three institutions.
- Classification based on trauma mechanism and sequelae.
- Diagnostic tools included indirect laryngoscopy, microlaryngoscopy, CT, and ultrasound.
Main Results:
- External laryngeal trauma often results from blunt force (strangulation) or sharp objects/gunshots.
- Blunt trauma, particularly strangulation, was the most frequent cause.
- Sharp object trauma occurred less frequently.
Conclusions:
- Meticulous laryngological assessment is vital for survivors.
- Early diagnosis and appropriate therapy significantly impact long-term outcomes like scarring, respiration, and voice.
- Advanced imaging aids in precise skeletal assessment.