Epidemiology of Haemophilus influenzae invasive disease in Jamaica, 1990-1993

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Infectious Diseases
• Epidemiology
• Microbiology

Background:

• Haemophilus influenzae (H influenzae) invasive disease poses a significant threat to young children globally.
• Understanding local epidemiological patterns is crucial for effective disease management and prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To retrospectively analyze the incidence, clinical features, and antimicrobial resistance patterns of invasive H influenzae disease in children admitted to Bustamante Hospital for Children, Kingston, Jamaica.
• To inform empiric antibiotic therapy guidelines and evaluate the potential impact of vaccine prophylaxis.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective review of 86 cases of invasive H influenzae disease in children over a four-year period.
• Analysis of patient demographics, clinical diagnoses, seasonal distribution, treatment outcomes, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of H influenzae isolates.

Main Results:

• The estimated annual incidence was 39 per 100,000 children under 5 years. The majority of cases (77%) occurred in children under 2 years.
• Meningitis was the most frequent diagnosis (76%), with a poor outcome in 21.5% of meningitis cases. A seasonal peak was observed during cooler months (57-73%).
• Antimicrobial resistance rates were 26% for ampicillin and 7% for chloramphenicol.

Conclusions:

• Invasive H influenzae disease is a significant pediatric concern in Jamaica, particularly in infants and young children.
• The observed antibiotic resistance patterns and seasonal trends necessitate careful consideration for empiric antibiotic treatment.
• The findings strongly support the implementation of H influenzae vaccine prophylaxis for Jamaican children to reduce disease burden.