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The looming maladaptive style: anxiety, danger, and schematic processing.

J H Riskind1, N L Williams, T L Gessner

  • 1Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030-4444, USA. jriskind@gmu.edu

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
|November 18, 2000
PubMed
Summary

The looming maladaptive style (LMS) is a cognitive vulnerability specifically linked to anxiety, not depression. This research validates the LMS as a predictor of anxiety and threat processing, even in non-anxious individuals.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Cognitive styles are increasingly recognized as psychological factors contributing to psychopathology.
  • Research has focused on cognitive vulnerabilities for depression, with less attention paid to anxiety.
  • The looming maladaptive style (LMS) is proposed as a specific cognitive vulnerability for anxiety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the looming maladaptive style (LMS) as a cognitive style conferring vulnerability to anxiety.
  • To investigate the psychometric properties and predictive utility of a revised LMS measure.
  • To assess the LMS's effects on threat-related schematic processing.

Main Methods:

  • Four studies were conducted to evaluate the LMS.

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  • Psychometric properties of a revised LMS measure were assessed.
  • The predictive utility of the LMS for anxiety and threat processing was examined, controlling for other threat appraisals.

    • Main Results:

    • Evidence supports the validity of the LMS as a distinct cognitive style.
    • The LMS was found to predict anxiety vulnerability.
    • The LMS predicted threat-related schematic processing, independent of other cognitive appraisals of threat.

    Conclusions:

    • The looming maladaptive style (LMS) functions as a danger schema, specifically increasing vulnerability to anxiety.
    • The LMS is a valid predictor of anxiety and threat processing, even in non-anxious individuals.
    • Further research into the LMS can inform targeted interventions for anxiety.