Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 13, 2026

Intratracheal Administration of Dry Powder Formulation in Mice
Published on: July 25, 2020
Gender differences in metered-dose inhaler-spacer device technique
C C Chafin1, E A Tolley, C M George
1Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee, Memphis 38163, USA.
Study Objective:
To determine whether gender affects the correct use of a metered-dose inhaler (MDI)-spacer device.
Design:
Prospective, observational study.
Setting:
University classrooms.
Patients:
Eighty-three students in their third year of a Doctor of Pharmacy program.
Intervention:
Students were given the device and received 20 minutes of education on its use. They then were asked to perform the technique. Assessment and retraining were done, as necessary, by clinicians who were experienced with the device. Students returned 1 week later to perform the technique again.
Measurements And Main Results:
The performance of men versus women was analyzed with chi 2 tests and the Student's t test. Power analysis indicated that 30 students were needed in each group.
Conclusion:
There were no significant differences between men and women in proper MDI-spacer technique.
Related Concept Videos
Inhaled Medications
Oxygen Delivering System I: Nasal Cannula and Face Mask
Nasal Cannula
A nasal cannula is a lightweight tube split at one end into two prongs and placed in the nostrils. It is typically used to deliver low to medium levels of oxygen.
Suggested flow rate: The suggested flow rate for a nasal cannula typically ranges between 1 and 6 L/min.
Oxygen percentage setting:...
Oxygen Delivering System II: Venturi Mask and Transtracheal Oxygen
Venturi Mask
The Venturi mask, named after the Venturi effect, is designed to deliver precise oxygen concentrations. It consists of a large tube with an oxygen inlet that narrows down, causing a pressure drop that pulls air in through adjustable side ports. The mask is a lightweight,...
Administering Oxygen by Nasal Cannula
Nasal Cannulas
A nasal cannula is a lightweight tube split into two prongs placed in the nostrils, connected...
Administering Oxygen by Mask
Administering oxygen by mask is a common nursing intervention that provides supplemental oxygen to patients with respiratory distress or chronic lung conditions. This procedure involves delivering oxygen at a specified rate through a face mask connected to an oxygen source.
Equipment
The equipment necessary for this procedure includes:
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation II: ACLS Airway Management

