Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 11, 2026
09:10
Generation of Transgenic Hydra by Embryo Microinjection
Published on: September 11, 2014
Selective protein kinase inhibitors block head-specific differentiation in hydra
M Cardenas1, Y V Fabila, S Yum
1Department of Biochemistry, CINVESTAV-IPN, 07360, D.F., Mexico, Mexico.
Cellular Signalling
|November 18, 2000
Summary
Head and foot regeneration in hydra are distinct processes. Inhibitors targeting protein kinase C (PKC) and Src pathways reveal distinct molecular mechanisms regulating head regeneration, impacting cell cycle and gene transcription.
Area of Science:
- Developmental Biology
- Cell Signaling
- Regenerative Medicine
Background:
- Morphogenesis and patterning in hydra are thought to involve protein kinase C (PKC) pathways.
- The complete signaling system governing hydra regeneration remains incompletely understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To dissect the signaling system regulating hydra regeneration using pathway inhibitors.
- To investigate the independence of head and foot regeneration processes.
- To elucidate the molecular pathways involved in head regeneration.
Main Methods:
- Utilized specific inhibitors including sphingosine, staurosporine, PP1/AGL1872, and H7 to block signaling pathways.
- Assessed the effects of inhibitors on head and foot regeneration, reversibility, and early regeneration gene (ks1) transcription.
- Analyzed cell cycle progression (G1 phase) and response to human growth factor receptor inhibitors.
Main Results:
- Sphingosine, staurosporine, PP1/AGL1872, and H7 inhibited head regeneration but not foot regeneration, with most effects being reversible.
- PP1/AGL1872 uniquely resulted in partial regeneration (1-2 tentacles).
- Sphingosine and PP1/AGL1872 inhibited ks1 transcription; sphingosine arrested cells in G1, while PP1/AGL1872 did not.
- Inhibitors of human growth factor receptors did not affect regeneration.
Conclusions:
- Head and foot regeneration in hydra are independent processes.
- Head regeneration is regulated by at least two distinct pathways: one involving PKC (potentially related to proliferation) and another involving Src (potentially related to differentiation).
- These findings challenge previous assumptions about the direct relationship between head and foot regeneration.
More Related Videos
10:33Development of Inhibitors of Protein-protein Interactions through REPLACE: Application to the Design and Development Non-ATP Competitive CDK Inhibitors
Published on: October 26, 2015
07:18A Simple Method to Identify Kinases That Regulate Embryonic Stem Cell Pluripotency by High-throughput Inhibitor Screening
Published on: May 12, 2017
Related Concept Videos
02:34Inhibition of Cdk Activity
The orderly progression of the cell cycle depends on the activation of Cdk protein by binding to its cyclin partner. However, the cell cycle must be restricted when undergoing abnormal changes. Most cancers correlate to the deregulated cell cycle, and since Cdks are a central component of the cell cycle, Cdk inhibitors are extensively studied to develop anticancer agents. For instance, cyclin D associates with several Cdks, such as Cdk 4/6, to form an active complex. The cyclin D-Cdk4/6 complex...
02:57Targeted Cancer Therapies
The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
01:24Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply
Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits. Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase and factor...
01:20The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway
Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as SH2...
01:27Transducer Mechanism: Enzyme-Linked Receptors
Enzyme-linked receptors are cell-surface receptors acting as an enzyme or associating with an enzyme intracellularly. They make excellent drug targets. Drugs can bind to the extracellular ligand-binding domain or directly affect their enzymatic domain and alter their activity.
Major types that are helpful drug targets include:
Major types that are helpful drug targets include: