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[Acellular pertussis vaccines--safe alternative]
1Katedry i Kliniki Chorób Zakaźnych Dzieci AM we Wrocławiu.
Insights
Acellular vaccines (ACV) were found to be safe and well-tolerated in children, including those with a history of adverse effects following whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccines or underlying health conditions. This study assessed multiple ACV formulations in a high-risk pediatric population.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Vaccinology
- Immunology
- Public Health
Background:
- Whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccines have been associated with adverse effects in some children.
- Acellular vaccines (ACV) offer an alternative with potentially fewer reactions.
- Identifying safe vaccination options for children with specific health histories is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the safety and tolerability of various acellular pertussis-containing vaccines (ACV) in children.
- To assess ACV safety in a cohort previously dismissed from whole-cell pertussis vaccination due to adverse events or underlying conditions.
Main Methods:
- A safety study involving 355 children aged 7 weeks to 7 years.
- Administration of 564 doses of five different ACV formulations (TripAcel, Pasteur Merieux, Infanrix-SKB, Acel-P-Lederle, DTaP-SSI).
- Systematic monitoring of reactions and clinical follow-up post-immunization.
Main Results:
- All investigated ACV formulations demonstrated low rates of reactions within 48 hours post-immunization.
- No serious adverse events following immunization (AEFI) were observed.
- ACV were well-tolerated in children with central nervous system (CNS) damage and those with prior AEFI after DTwP vaccine.
Conclusions:
- The studied acellular vaccines are safe and well-tolerated for pediatric use.
- ACV can be safely administered to high-risk children, including those with a history of adverse reactions to whole-cell vaccines.
- These findings support the use of ACV in diverse pediatric populations.
Unlabelled:
This study was undertaken to assess the safety of various acellular vaccines (ACV) TripAcel, PacMarieux--Pasteur Merieux, Infanrix-SKB, Acel-P-Lederle and DTaP-SSI in 355 children, aged 7 weeks to 7 years, dismissed from immunization against pertussis with a whole-cell vaccine. All ACV contained varying concentrations of pertussis toxin; some vaccines contained filamentous hemagglutinin, pertactin and/or agglutinogens. The indication of using ACV were adverse effects following immunization (AEFI) after wP vaccine (n = 29) and others reasons, mostly underlying perinatal and CNS pathology (n = 277). The 564 doses of ACV were given in 4 to 1 doses. Reaction forms and clinical follow-up were uniform throughout the study.
Results:
Serious AEFI cases were not observed not only among children with CNS damage, but also in children with previous AEFI after DTwP vaccine. All ACV recipients consistently reported low rates of reactions in the 48 hours following immunization. We concluded that all investigated ACV were safe and well tolerated even in the group of high-risk children.