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Related Concept Videos

Induced Electric Dipoles01:28

Induced Electric Dipoles

A permanent electric dipole orients itself along an external electric field. This rotation can be quantified by defining the potential energy because the external torque does work in rotating it. Then, the potential energy is minimum at the parallel configuration and maximum at the antiparallel configuration. While the former is a stable equilibrium, the latter is an unstable equilibrium.
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The presence of a dielectric medium in a capacitor not only changes the voltage and capacitance but also affects the electric field. In general, dielectrics can be of two types: polar and nonpolar. In a polar dielectric, the positive and negative charges in the molecules are separated by a distance and hence have a permanent dipole moment. In contrast, no such charge separation exists in a nonpolar dielectric, however the nonpolar molecules get polarized in the presence of an external electric...
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Biasing of Metal-Semiconductor Junctions

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

A Fabrication and Measurement Method for a Flexible Ferroelectric Element Based on Van Der Waals Heteroepitaxy
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A Fabrication and Measurement Method for a Flexible Ferroelectric Element Based on Van Der Waals Heteroepitaxy

Published on: April 8, 2018

Easy collective polarization switching in ferroelectrics

Bratkovsky1, Levanyuk

  • 1Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, 1501 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|November 18, 2000
PubMed
Summary

Ferroelectric polarization switching, a long-standing puzzle, may be solved by considering interactions between embryonic nuclei. These interactions enable growth without the insurmountable energy barrier, resolving the coercive field paradox.

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Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

A Fabrication and Measurement Method for a Flexible Ferroelectric Element Based on Van Der Waals Heteroepitaxy
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Published on: April 8, 2018

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Solid State Chemistry

Background:

  • The mechanism of polarization switching in ferroelectrics is not fully understood due to the seemingly insurmountable energy barrier for nucleation and growth, known as the
  • paradox of the coercive field

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the nucleation mechanisms in ferroelectric films, specifically addressing the paradox of the coercive field.
  • To analyze the role of interfacial effects and nucleus-nucleus interactions in polarization switching.

Main Methods:

  • Exact solution for a ferroelectric film model with a "dead" interfacial layer.
  • Analysis of classical nucleation barriers in the presence of interfacial layers.
  • Investigation of long-range interactions within ensembles of ferroelectric nuclei.

Main Results:

  • Classical nucleation remains difficult even with a dead layer, with a significant calculated energy barrier.
  • Ferroelectric nuclei exhibit long-range interactions, necessitating the study of nucleus ensembles.
  • Ensembles of small, embryonic nuclei can grow without an energy barrier.

Conclusions:

  • The interaction between ferroelectric nuclei is crucial for overcoming the nucleation barrier.
  • The paradox of the coercive field can be resolved by considering barrierless growth of embryonic nucleus ensembles.
  • This finding offers a new perspective on understanding and controlling ferroelectric polarization switching.