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Related Experiment Videos

Retrieval-induced forgetting: evidence for a recall-specific mechanism.

M C Anderson1, E L Bjork, R A Bjork

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene 97403-1227, USA. mcanders@darkwing.uoregon.edu

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
|November 18, 2000
PubMed
Summary

Recalling information can make related memories harder to access, a process called retrieval-induced forgetting. This study shows that active recall, not just re-exposure, is necessary to cause this memory impairment.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Recalling information from long-term memory can impair the retention of related information.
  • This phenomenon is known as retrieval-induced forgetting.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether retrieval is essential for inducing retrieval-induced forgetting.
  • To differentiate between explanations for retrieval-induced forgetting, such as increased competition versus inhibitory processes.

Main Methods:

  • Participants studied items from taxonomic categories.
  • One group practiced recalling items using category-stem cues (competitive practice).
  • Another group re-experienced items with exemplar-stem cues (noncompetitive practice).

Main Results:

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  • Both groups showed facilitation of practiced items.
  • Only the competitive practice group exhibited impaired recall of non-practiced items on a delayed test.
  • This suggests retrieval, not just item strengthening, is key.

Conclusions:

  • Retrieval-induced forgetting is not solely due to increased competition from strengthened items.
  • Inhibitory processes specific to the act of recall are the likely cause.
  • Active retrieval is a critical factor in memory impairment.