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Memory complaint in a community sample aged 70 and older.

C L Turvey1, S Schultz, S Arndt

  • 1Department of Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242-1000, USA.

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
|November 18, 2000
PubMed
Summary
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Older adults

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Metamemory accuracy in older adults is debated, with conflicting findings on its relationship to actual memory impairment.
  • Previous studies show variability in whether older individuals accurately assess their own memory capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the accuracy of self-reported memory (metamemory) in a large national sample of older adults (aged 70+).
  • To identify factors associated with discrepancies between perceived and actual memory performance.

Main Methods:

  • A longitudinal cohort study with data collected 2 years apart.
  • Utilized a nationwide random sample of 5,444 community-dwelling older adults (aged 70+) and their spouses.
  • Assessed self-perceived memory and cognitive function using a modified Mini-Mental Status Exam.

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Main Results:

  • While general correspondence existed between self-assessment and cognitive performance, significant portions of the sample inaccurately estimated their memory.
  • Depressive symptoms and impaired activities of daily living were linked to underestimation of memory, despite strong cognitive test results.

Conclusions:

  • Inaccurate self-assessment of memory is not universal in older adults but characteristic of specific subgroups.
  • Factors leading to skewed self-assessment (e.g., depression, ADL impairment) often bring individuals into contact with healthcare, potentially misrepresenting general metamemory accuracy to clinicians.