Individual base model of predator-prey system shows predator dominant dynamics

Area of Science:

• Ecology
• Mathematical Biology
• Population Dynamics

Background:

• Predator-prey systems are fundamental to ecosystem stability.
• Age structure and resource competition significantly influence population dynamics.
• Previous models often simplify predator behavior and population interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop an individual-based model of predator-prey dynamics.
• To investigate the role of age structure and predator heterogeneity in system stability.
• To analyze the relationship between prey biomass consumed and predator demand.

Main Methods:

• Constructed an individual-based model with age-structured predator and prey populations.
• Incorporated linear functional response and predator interference.
• Modeled population size changes based on individual birth and death rates linked to resource availability.

Main Results:

• Prey biomass killed is dependent on predator demand, not solely on prey availability.
• Predator population heterogeneity is crucial for the persistence and stability of the system.
• Vulnerability of young predators to prey scarcity stabilizes the system by regulating prey consumption.

Conclusions:

• Individual-based modeling reveals complex interactions in predator-prey systems.
• Predator heterogeneity acts as a key stabilizing mechanism, preventing prey overexploitation.
• The model highlights the importance of considering individual traits and interactions for ecological stability.