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Prions and blood products.

¹Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Edinburgh, UK. peter.foster@snbts.csa.scot.nhs.uk

Annals of Medicine

|November 22, 2000

Summary

Concerns about Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) transmission via blood products are being addressed. Current evidence suggests minimal risk for established CJD forms, but new variant CJD (vCJD) transmission via blood remains a concern requiring further research.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Infectious Diseases
Public Health

Background:

Human pituitary-derived growth hormone transmission of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) raised concerns about blood product safety.
Regulatory actions and studies have assessed the risk of iatrogenic CJD transmission through blood.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the risk of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) transmission via blood products.
To assess the potential transmissibility of new variant CJD (vCJD) through blood and the effectiveness of mitigation strategies.

Main Methods:

Review of existing studies and regulatory actions concerning CJD and blood products.
Analysis of prion detection in vCJD and experimental data on prion removal during plasma product manufacturing.

Main Results:

No increased risk identified for established forms of CJD transmission through blood products.
Prevalence of vCJD is unknown, and prion detection in tonsils suggests potential for greater blood infectivity compared to CJD.

Conclusions:

A consensus suggests minimal risk for established CJD transmission via blood.
Further research and screening tests are needed to define and mitigate vCJD transmission risk through blood products.

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