Mechanisms of I(Ks) suppression in LQT1 mutants

Mutations in the cardiac potassium ion channel gene KCNQ1 (voltage-gated K(+) channel subtype KvLQT1) cause LQT1, the most common type of hereditary long Q-T syndrome. KvLQT1 mutations prolong Q-T by reducing the repolarizing cardiac current [slow delayed rectifier K(+) current (I(Ks) )], but, for reasons that are not well understood, the clinical phenotypes may vary considerably even for carriers of the same mutation, perhaps explaining the mode of inheritance. At present, only currents expressed by LQT1 mutants have been studied, and it is unknown whether abnormal subunits are transported to the cell surface. Here, we have examined for the first time trafficking of KvLQT1 mutations and correlated the results with the I(Ks) currents that were expressed. Two missense mutations, S225L and A300T, produced abnormal currents, and two others, Y281C and Y315C, produced no currents. However, all four KvLQT1 mutations were detected at the cell surface. S225L, Y281C, and Y315C produced dominant negative effects on wild-type I(Ks) current, whereas the mutant with the mildest dysfunction, A300T, did not. We examined trafficking of a severe insertion deletion mutant Delta544 and detected this protein at the cell surface as well. We compared the cellular and clinical phenotypes and found a poor correlation for the severely dysfunctional mutations.