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Aging, immunity, and cancer.

E A Burns1, E A Leventhal

  • 1Section of Geriatrics, the Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53295, USA.

Cancer Control : Journal of the Moffitt Cancer Center
|November 23, 2000
PubMed
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Aging immune systems show changes, but direct links to most cancers are unclear. However, immune senescence may increase cancer risk by allowing mutations and programmed cell death in the elderly.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gerontology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • The immune system protects against cancer.
  • Age-related immune decline is linked to increased cancer incidence.
  • The precise role of immune senescence in malignancy is debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between aging, immune function, and cancer.
  • To review current literature on immune senescence and malignancy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search of the National Library of Medicine database (1990-present).
  • Used MeSH terms: aging, immunity, cancer, senescence, apoptosis.
  • Scanned bibliographies of retrieved articles.

Main Results:

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  • Age-related changes in cellular and humoral immunity are evident.
  • Little evidence supports direct causal links between immune senescence and most cancers.
  • Studies include in vitro, in vivo animal, and human data.

Conclusions:

  • Immune senescence may contribute to malignancy by promoting mutation accumulation.
  • Programmed cell death (apoptosis) in the elderly is observed.
  • Further research is needed to clarify the role of immune senescence in cancer development.