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Atherosclerotic plaque rupture: a fatigue process?

A J Bank1, A Versluis, S M Dodge

  • 1Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55102, USA. bankx001@tc.umn.edu

Medical Hypotheses
|November 25, 2000
PubMed
Summary

Atherosclerotic plaque rupture may be caused by fatigue failure, a process where repetitive stress leads to material breakdown. This hypothesis aligns with existing physiological and epidemiological data on plaque rupture, offering a new perspective on cardiovascular disease mechanisms.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Material Science

Background:

  • The precise mechanism driving atherosclerotic plaque rupture remains unknown.
  • Existing theories primarily focus on acute triggers like increased stress, vasa vasorum rupture, and vasospasm.
  • Understanding plaque rupture is crucial for preventing myocardial infarction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and evaluate the hypothesis that fatigue failure is a critical mechanism underlying atherosclerotic plaque rupture.
  • To explore the consistency of the fatigue failure hypothesis with known physiological and epidemiological data.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis between material fatigue principles and the process of atherosclerotic plaque rupture.
  • Review and synthesis of existing physiological and epidemiological data relevant to plaque rupture.

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Main Results:

  • The fatigue failure hypothesis offers a plausible explanation for plaque rupture.
  • The hypothesis is consistent with established physiological and epidemiological observations.

Conclusions:

  • Fatigue failure, characterized by high-cycle, low-amplitude repetitive stress leading to catastrophic rupture, is a potential key mechanism in atherosclerotic plaque rupture.
  • This perspective provides a novel framework for understanding and potentially preventing cardiovascular events linked to plaque instability.