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Related Experiment Videos

Gender differences in muscle inflammation after eccentric exercise.

N Stupka1, S Lowther, K Chorneyko

  • 1Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8N 3Z5.

Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
|November 25, 2000
PubMed
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Eccentric exercise causes muscle damage in both men and women, but women show a less pronounced inflammatory response. Exercise may also influence apoptosis-related protein expression in skeletal muscle.

Area of Science:

  • Exercise physiology
  • Skeletal muscle biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Unaccustomed exercise leads to delayed-onset muscle soreness and skeletal muscle damage.
  • Animal studies suggest women exhibit a reduced response to muscle damage compared to men.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the sex-specific effects of eccentric exercise on muscle damage and inflammatory response in untrained individuals.
  • To compare plasma markers and muscle biopsy findings between male and female subjects following a unilateral eccentric exercise protocol.

Main Methods:

  • Eccentric exercise was performed on one leg (Ex) with the other leg serving as a control (Con) in 8 untrained men and 8 untrained women.
  • Plasma granulocyte counts and creatine kinase activity were measured at baseline and various time points post-exercise.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Muscle biopsies from the vastus lateralis were analyzed for morphological changes, inflammation (leukocyte common antigen), and apoptosis markers (bcl-2) at 48 hours post-exercise.

    • Main Results:

    • Plasma granulocyte counts increased in men and decreased in women at 48 hours post-exercise.
    • Creatine kinase activity elevated in both genders at 48 hours and 6 days post-exercise.
    • Both genders exhibited greater focal and extensive muscle damage in the exercised leg; men showed a trend towards higher leukocyte infiltration, and a greater number of bcl-2 positive cells compared to women. Atrophic fibers with bcl-2 staining were observed only in men.

    Conclusions:

    • Muscle damage from eccentric exercise is comparable between genders, but the inflammatory response is attenuated in women.
    • Exercise may induce the expression of apoptosis-related proteins in skeletal muscle, with potential sex differences observed.