Afferents to prefrontal cortex from the thalamic mediodorsal nucleus in the rhesus monkey

Thalamic afferents to Macaque prefrontal cortex from the mediodorsal nucleus were examined by techniques specific for anterograde degeneration and axoplasmic transport. The sampling procedure employed permits establishing the extent of topographic projections to cortex from subcortical foci for the same brain which was surveyed subsequently in tracing specific neuronal connections by electron microscopy. Topographic and general laminar distribution of thalamic terminals are presented in terms of 3 subareas of prefrontal cortex. The dorsolateral and ventral (orbital) surfaces of prefrontal cortex receive respectively projections from the lateral and medial subdivision of the mediodorsal nucleus. In addition, the medial wall of the frontal lobe, including the dorsomedial part of the lateral convexity, heretofore regarded as athalamic, receives input from the caudal-dorsomedial aspect of the mediodorsal nucleus. Preliminary evidence suggests that axons from the mediodorsal nucleus terminate in the head of caudate nucleus, as Sachs-81 described 65 years ago in the first orthograde study of thalamo-prefrontal cortex connections.