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Updated: Aug 16, 2026

Generation of Human Alloantigen-specific T Cells from Peripheral Blood
Published on: November 21, 2014
Death, autoantigen modifications, and tolerance
P J Utz1, T J Gensler, P Anderson
1Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA. pjutz@stanford.edu
Abstract:
Autoantibodies present in the serum of patients with a variety of inflammatory diseases have proven useful as diagnostic markers and as probes with which to elucidate biochemical and signaling pathways. The mechanisms governing the generation of autoantibodies remain elusive, constituting a critical missing link in our understanding of rheumatologic illnesses. Several lines of experimentation in recent years have strongly implicated events surrounding cell death in this process. This review will address the potential role played by death-specific modifications of autoantigens in bypassing tolerance to highly conserved autoantigens, including nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins.
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