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Related Experiment Videos

Blood substitutes.

E A Moffitt

    Canadian Anaesthetists' Society Journal
    |January 1, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Plasma volume expanders are crucial for treating shock and maintaining blood pressure. Various substitutes like dextran and albumin are available, each with unique properties and risks, requiring careful consideration for clinical use.

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    Area of Science:

    • Emergency Medicine
    • Critical Care
    • Pharmacology

    Background:

    • Whole blood substitutes are essential in critical care, with plasma volume expanders playing a vital role.
    • Early use of colloidal gelatin by Hogan in 1915 and dextran by Gronwall and Ingelman in 1945 marked significant advancements.
    • The development of plasma expanders addresses the need for effective blood volume replacement when whole blood is unavailable or contraindicated.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the essential requirements for acceptable plasma substitutes.
    • To outline the characteristics and clinical applications of currently available plasma expanders.
    • To compare the benefits and risks associated with different types of plasma volume expanders.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of historical and current plasma expander research.

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  • Analysis of the properties and clinical performance of various plasma expander categories.
  • Comparative assessment of blood derivatives, modified proteins, polymerized carbohydrates, and plastics as plasma volume expanders.

    • Main Results:

    • Ideal plasma substitutes require satisfactory colloidal osmotic pressure, stability, safety (non-antigenic, pyrogen-free), and ease of excretion or metabolism.
    • Available expanders include Fresh Frozen Plasma, Plasma Protein Fractions, Serum Albumin, Dextran, and Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone (PVP).
    • Each expander type presents distinct advantages and disadvantages, such as viral transmission risk (FFP), hypotension (PPF), cost and clotting factor dilution (Albumin), and coagulation defects (Dextran).

    Conclusions:

    • Plasma volume expanders are indispensable in managing hypovolemia and shock.
    • The choice of plasma expander depends on clinical context, balancing efficacy with potential adverse effects.
    • Continued research and development are necessary to optimize plasma expander safety and effectiveness.