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Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
Heart Failure I: Introduction01:27

Heart Failure I: Introduction

Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations01:26

Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations

Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Evaluation of Left Ventricular Structure and Function using 3D Echocardiography
06:34

Evaluation of Left Ventricular Structure and Function using 3D Echocardiography

Published on: October 28, 2020

Does left ventricular shape influence clinical outcome in heart failure?

K J Harjai1, R Edupuganti, E Nunez

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Ochsner Clinic, New Orleans, Louisiana 70345, USA.

Clinical Cardiology
|November 30, 2000
PubMed
Summary

In dilated cardiomyopathy, a more spherical left ventricle (LV) shape does not predict patient outcomes like death or need for heart transplant. This finding is crucial for understanding heart failure prognosis.

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Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Evaluation of Left Ventricular Structure and Function using 3D Echocardiography
06:34

Evaluation of Left Ventricular Structure and Function using 3D Echocardiography

Published on: October 28, 2020

Morphological and Functional Assessment of the Right Ventricle Using 3D Echocardiography
07:11

Morphological and Functional Assessment of the Right Ventricle Using 3D Echocardiography

Published on: October 28, 2020

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
09:20

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

Published on: February 13, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Echocardiography
  • Heart Failure Research

Background:

  • Dilated cardiomyopathy often leads to a spherical left ventricular (LV) shape.
  • The prognostic impact of this altered LV shape remains inadequately studied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prognostic implications of altered LV shape on clinical outcomes in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy.

Main Methods:

  • Two-dimensional echocardiography was used to assess LV shape via the eccentricity index in 112 heart failure patients and 10 controls.
  • The eccentricity index, a ratio of LV long axis to transverse diameter, was measured.
  • Correlations between LV shape and clinical outcomes (death, heart transplant) were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Patients with dilated cardiomyopathy exhibited a significantly more spherical LV shape compared to controls.
  • Mitral regurgitation, right ventricular dysfunction, and increased LV mass were independently associated with spherical LV shape.
  • No correlation was found between the eccentricity index and adverse clinical outcomes in univariate or multivariate analyses.

Conclusions:

  • The degree of left ventricular spherical distortion in dilated cardiomyopathy does not correlate with prognosis.
  • LV shape, as assessed by the eccentricity index, is not a predictor of mortality or need for heart transplantation in this patient group.