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Updated: Jul 24, 2026

Hyperpolarized Xenon for NMR and MRI Applications
Published on: September 6, 2012
Continuous-flow optical pumping NMR in a closed circuit system
J M Kneller1, R J Soto, S E Surber
1Department of Chemistry, New Mexico Tech, Socorro, New Mexico 87801, USA.
Abstract:
In a typical continuous-flow optical pumping setup, the chemical shift of xenon in the adsorbed phase depends on the gas flow rate due to warming of the sample surface by the gas stream. Calibration of the system using the (207)Pb resonance of solid lead nitrate is necessary to determine the actual sample temperature. Optimum pulse repetition rates are strongly affected by gas flow and spin-lattice relaxation rates. The interplay of flow and pulse repetition rate alters signal intensity ratios and may lead to the complete suppression of signals.
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