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Related Concept Videos

Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
Antigen Presenting Cells01:22

Antigen Presenting Cells

The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that protects the body from foreign invaders. T cells, a type of white blood cell, play a crucial role in this process. They recognize and attack foreign substances, such as pathogens, that enter the body.
T cells require the help of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which process foreign antigens into smaller fragments that can be recognized by T cells. These APCs are highly specialized cells that efficiently internalize antigens...
Antigen Processing Pathways01:31

Antigen Processing Pathways

MHC molecules are key players in the immune response, enabling T cells to recognize and respond to specific antigens. They are present on the surface of all nucleated cells in the body and are instrumental in presenting antigens to T cells and activating them. T cells recognize the MHC-antigen complex and initiate an immune response. MHC class I and MHC class II are two main types of MHC molecules, each associated with a distinct antigen processing pathway.
MHC Class I: Presenting Endogenous...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2026

HLA-Ig Based Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells for Efficient ex vivo Expansion of Human CTL
07:18

HLA-Ig Based Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells for Efficient ex vivo Expansion of Human CTL

Published on: April 11, 2011

Artificial antigen-presenting cells as a tool to exploit the immune 'synapse'.

B Prakken1, M Wauben, D Genini

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0663, USA.

Nature Medicine
|December 2, 2000
PubMed
Summary

Identifying antigen-specific T cells is crucial for understanding immune responses. New molecular tools, using major histocompatibility complex-peptide complexes, enhance insights into CD8+ T cell immunity in areas like viral infections and immunization.

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Last Updated: Jul 1, 2026

HLA-Ig Based Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells for Efficient ex vivo Expansion of Human CTL
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Published on: April 11, 2011

Fabrication of Anisotropic Polymeric Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells for CD8+ T Cell Activation
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Published on: October 12, 2018

Imaging the Human Immunological Synapse
09:37

Imaging the Human Immunological Synapse

Published on: December 26, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Medicine

Background:

  • Molecular medicine advances have yielded tools for identifying antigen-specific T cells.
  • Current methods often utilize recombinant major histocompatibility complex-peptide complexes on supports for T-cell receptor binding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the significance of new tools for identifying antigen-specific T cells.
  • To underscore the impact of these tools on understanding CD8+ T cell-mediated immune responses.

Main Methods:

  • Employing oligomeric combinations of recombinant major histocompatibility complex-peptide complexes.
  • Utilizing rigid supports for efficient binding by the T-cell receptor.

Main Results:

  • Significant increase in understanding immune response mechanisms.
  • Facilitation of research in diverse fields including immunization and viral infections.

Conclusions:

  • These molecular tools are vital for advancing immunological research.
  • Applications span from studying viral infections to oral tolerance induction and immunization strategies.